Acne is frequently associated with hormonal fluctuations, particularly during the period of puberty, yet it can manifest at any point across the lifespan. Hormones trigger an augmented production of sebum from the sebaceous glands adjoining skin hair follicles. This atypical sebum secretion alters the behavior of an ordinarily benign cutaneous bacterium, rendering it more virulent and consequently inducing inflammation and the formation of pus. Hormonal fluctuations concurrently thicken the internal lining of hair follicles, culminating in the obstruction of pores.

In women, hormonal shifts encompassing the menstrual cycle and pregnancy can also precipitate instances of acne. Furthermore, anxiety and stress have been identified as potential exacerbating factors of acne.

Moreover, hereditary factors can play a pivotal role in the onset of acne. A familial predisposition to acne increases the likelihood of its manifestation in an individual.